CITIES FOR CLIMATE PROTECTION

An International Campaign to Reduce Urban Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)
Jeb Brugmann, Secretary General
Philip Jessup, Director, The Urban CO2 Reduction Project

February 15, 1993

Introduction
Encouragement of National Campaigns
Program Services to ICLEI Members

Green Fleets

Energy Buildings

Energy Partners

The Framework Convention: Liaison with the UN
Administration of the Campaign
Appendix A - Municipal Leaders' Declaration on Climate Change and the Urban Environment

INTRODUCTION

Urban emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases contribute a significant portion of the world's total at atmospheric loading of these gases. Over 50 percent of the world's population now lives in urban areas, and urbanization is continuing apace especially in developing countries. The heating and cooling of urban buildings, consumption of electricity by local industries and businesses, and the transport of people and goods to, from, and within urban centers all are energy-intensive activities that produce greenhouse gases and other noxious emissions that affect the quality of life in urban centers.

Because urban centers are major sources of greenhouse gases, municipalities have an important role to play in reducing emissions of these gases. Indeed, a good deal of evidence has accumulated that urban form -- the density, mixture, and physical layout of residential and commercial neighborhoods -- profoundly influences local energy intensity, the amount of energy each person on average consumes annually. Urban form is not just the chance result of history and geography, but often reflects deliberate municipal policy over time to shape the character of the city, using local land use planning and infrastructure investment powers.

In June 1991. the Urban CO2 Reduction Project convened 14 municipalities in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Turkey in a two-year initiative to develop comprehensive local strategies to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2. Through a series of six one-week policy workshops, technical consultation, and research drawing on the data gathered by each municipality, the Project has sought to develop a generic framework for municipal energy policy that local governments generally may use to implement locally to develop policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Phase I of the Project will conclude in June, 1993, as the 14 municipalities submit their "local action plans" to their governing councils for consideration and approval.

At the Municipal Leaders' Summit on Climate Change and the Urban Environment, held at the United Nations in January, 1993 and co-sponsored by ICLEI and UNEP, ICLEI announced Phase II of the Project, and international campaign -- Cities for Climate Protection -- to strengthen local governments' ability to develop and implement municipal energy policies that reduce local emissions of greenhouse gases. The campaign is scheduled to begin during the summer/fall, 1993, subject to the availability of new financial resources. The primary goals of the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign are:

Strengthening of local commitment. By 1995 ICLEI seeks to enlist 100 municipalities worldwide that emit one billion tonnes of global CO2 (5 to 10 percent of the global total) in a collective international effort to formulate local measures and policies that reduce urban emissions of greenhouse gases.
Dissemination of planning and managenent tools. The Campaign seeks to improve municipal decision making tools to facilitate the development of cost effective CO2 reduction policies. The basic framework includes a broad municipal agenda in climate change and analytical methods, developed by the Urban CO2 Reduction Project in Phase I, for determining local energy baselines and scenarios.
Research and development of best practices. The Campaign seeks to enhance municipal decision making by developing innovative local model projects for reducing energy use in buildings and transportation through intensive collaborative research with selected "pilot" municipalities. These research projects will produce model municipal ordinances, case studies of successful local initiatives, as well as useful new analytical tools and comparative insights into the determinants of municipal energy use.
Enhancement of national and international ties. ICLEI seeks to facilitate a collective voice for municipalities within the Framework Convention on Climate Change, so that municipal-level actions to reduce CO2 emissions are included in national action plane and in future international deliberations.

ENCOURAGEMENT OF NATIONAL CAMPAIGNS

ICLEI plans to undertake a de-centralized campaign that seeks to generate enthusiasm and commitment among national and sub-national municipal associations worldwide. The first step was involving the following national and regional associations as co-sponsors of the aforementioned Summit:

Representatives of these associations as well as other municipal leaders attending the Summit reviewed a draft Municipal Leaders' Declaration on Climate Change prepared by ICLEI. As a result of their suggestions, a final Declaration was prepared. This generic document will serve as a template for National Declarations, which will be prepared by national and sub-national associations in consultation with their members. Hence, any municipal government will be able to join Cities for Climate Protection by becoming a formal signatory to a National Municipal Leaders' Declaration on Climate Change. Alternatively, municipal governments may join the campaign by signing ICLEI's generic Declaration if a National Declaration is unavailable.

The "world campaign" will initially work closely with the municipal associations that attended the Summit and with whom ICLEI already has close relations, such as the National League of Cities in the US. Through this de-centralized process of deliberation, consultation, and local advocacy, ICLEI hopes to enlist 100 municipalities worldwide by 1995 that account for one billion tonnes of global CO2 emissions. By joining the Campaign each municipality pledges to:

develop a "local action plan" to reduce local emissions of greenhouse gases;
undertake initiatives to significantly reduce energy use and emissions associated with municipally-owned or controlled buildings and vehicle fleets;
undertake initiatives to change the public's attitude and behaviour through informatioin, advice, awarenesss raising, promotion and training;
join strategic procurement initiatives that aggregate global or national municipal demand for energy products and services so as to promote more cost effective CO2 reduction technologies and to facilitate the commercial availability of advanced technologies;
seek a partnership with municipalities in the developing countries or in the emerging economies for the purpose of permitting funds and technical expertise to flow to them from municipalities in the developed nations.

ICLEI will administer and coordinate the Campaign and provide the following services -- subject to financial resources -- to all Campaign Members (regardless of whether they are ICLEI members or not). ICLEI will:

establish a secretariat that will:
1. develop procedures to facilitate National Declarations and to recruit signatories to such Declarations;
2. create an international registry for National Declarations and signatories to such Declarations;
3. publish a periodic newsletter, Local Energy News, that highlights local initiatives, as well as relevant national and international developments, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
establish a mayors' advisory committee to provide advice to the secretariat on the development of the Campaign;
organize the 2nd Municipal Leaders; Summit on Climate Change and the Urban Environment on the occasion of the first session of the Conference of the Parties that shall be converted under United Nations auspices after the Framework Convention on Climate Change enters into force;
establish additional collaborative ventures with campaign members who are also ICLEI Members to assist them technically in the establishment and implementation of their local actions plans.

In addition to the newsletter, Campaign members will receive several publications that provide a generic framework for analysis and decisionmaking. These will include: Saving the Climate, Saving the Cities: A Municipal Agenda (published); Baseline Energy Use and Emissions Manual, a step-by-step technical guide that assists the analyst in the preparation of municipal energy scenarios (research in progress); Inventory of Municipal Energy Measures that characterizes a variety of key technologies and retrofit measures to reduce local fossil energy use (research in progress); and a Municipal Too Kit of Innovative Financing of energy efficiency programs (research completed, final editing and publication in progress).

PROGRAM SERVICES TO ICLEI MEMBERS

Municipalities that have become signatories to a Declaration who are also Members of ICLEI will be eligible to participate in specific ICLEI services that will be offered as funding permits. These include three initiatives that are described below: Green Fleets, Energy Buildings, and Energy Partners.

Green Fleets

The adoption of policies that reduce the transportation energy used by municipal employees as they commute to work and perform their jobs are among the initiatives that municipalities can first undertake to reduce CO2 emissions.

To be effective these policies should set a leadership example and be expandable to other sectors. Such policies include a range of measures including:

replacement of municipal fleet automobiles with vehicles that enjoy averaged higher fuel economy;
replacement of municipal fleet automobiles with vehicles that use alternative fuels such as natural gas or electricity that produce fewer CO2 emissions (assuming a favorable "upstream" energy balance of the alternative fuel or the electricity);
substitution of public transit or bicycles in appropriate municipal travel functions;
promotion of municipal employee car and van pooling -- and greater use of public transit and bicycles, such as provisions of employee transit -- passes -- in order to reduce energy associated with commuting;
provision of employee transit passes;
driver education -- improvement of trip planning and driving habits to encourage operation of vehicles at optimum efficiency and to promote traffic "smoothing".

Such initiatives have multiple benefits. They can save the municipality money, reduce automobile emissions that contribute to poor local air quality, as well as show leadership. When local vehicle procurement can be strategically pooled with that of other municipalities, local governments can also influence manufactures to produce lower polluting vehicles.

Denver originally developed the Green Fleets initiative with US EPA support through the ICLEI Urban CO2 Reduction Project. ICLEI is now seeking to adapt this approach as a wider initiative.

Municipalities that join the Green Fleets initiative will pledge to reduce energy use and CO2 emissions from their employees' travel -- both commuting travel and on-the-job travel -- by 20 percent over a 10-year period. After outside financial support is secured, ICLEI will refine and disseminate an analytical framework for estimating vehicle fleet emissions and employee travel that is being developed by Denver, develop a model Green Fleets ordinance, monitor the progress of municipalities that have joined the initiative, and conduct and disseminate case studies of successful local projects.

Working with the Urban Consortium in Washington DC, ICLEI will seek to develop a strategic procurement initiative in North America for fuel efficient automobiles, in collaboration with Public Technology, Inc. in Washington DC, once a "critical mass" of municipalities in North America have adopted new procurement policies under Green Fleets.

While Green Fleets will focus initially on the development of policies for reducing energy use from municipalities' own vehicle fleets and employee travel, ICLEI is also seeking to conduct an intensive collaborative research effort with five to10 municipalities in the United States to identify broader transportation policies that aim to expand the Green Fleets goals and methodologies to other transportation sectors, especially policies that aim to reduce overall demand for personal mobility. This effort will seek to pioneer new analytical techniques for better understanding the determinants of local transportation energy use, such as the underlying relationship between land use and travel demand. It will also develop model trip reduction ordinances and transit oriented development guidelines that can be implemented locally. Once the two-year research project is concluded, Green Fleets will be broadened to include wider dissemination of these new municipal tools and practices.

ICLEI hopes to begin an initial six-month research and planning phase for Green Fleets by June, 1993. If further funding becomes available, full start-up may be possible by January, 1994.

Energy Buildings

The potential retrofit of municipally owned buildings and facilities offers a significant opportunity for reducing energy use and CO2 emissions, cutting municipal energy bills, and stimulating job creation in the local community. In some countries, significant private capital is available to finance such retrofits, usually through private energy service companies, thereby reducing the need for public investment.

Municipalities have already gained a good deal of experience in retrofitting their own building stock with energy efficiency and renewable measures -- Leicester, Glasgow, Saarbrücken, and Phoenix are examples -- that this initiative could draw on, and Toronto is helping to pioneer innovative new financing methods.

Municipalities that join the Energy Buildings initiative will pledge to reduce energy use and CO2 emissions in their buildings and facilities by 20 percent over a 10-year period. Strategies that municipalities can pursue include:

retrofit of energy efficiency measures ranging from high efficiency lighting to computer controlled heating and cooling systems;
installation of on-site cogeneration systems that allow the municipalities to meet space conditioning and electrical needs at higher efficiency;
installation of renewable energy technologies, such as high efficiency windows, solar hot water heaters, and solar photovoltaic cells.

ICLEI is presently conducting research that when published will assist municipalities that join this initiative. Reports that are planned include an Inventory of Municipal Energy Measures that will characterize a variety of key technologies and retrofit measures to reduce local fossil energy use and a Municipal Tool Kit of Innovative Financing that outlines innovative ways to finance energy efficiency measures.

Energy Buildings will initially conduct two collaborative research efforts aimed at developing new methodologies for analyzing energy use in municipally owned buildings and for financing energy efficiency retrofits in these buildings. With funding from the Ontario Ministry of Energy (Canada) and The Joyce and Milwaukee, Chicago , Saint Paul, and Minneapolis in the United States over a period of two years in the Ontario Municipal Energy Collaborative and the Great Lakes Municipal Energy Collaborative.

A primary goal of the two collaboratives is to encourage the municipalities to develop comprehensive energy efficiency retrofit plans for their buildings and facilities, and to aggregate such municipal energy service demand in such a way as to attract major third-party financing from banks, insurance companies, and capital investment firms. The project will produce model municipal energy policies that are more widely applicable to other municipalities in the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign.With funding now secure, start-up of this initiative is planned for spring, 1993.

Energy Partners

This initiative, jointly conceived by the City of Amsterdam and ICLEI, would exchange energy management expertise among municipalities in the developed nations with those in developing nations and the emerging economies. Energy Partners, currently in an early planning phase, could also be used to establish pilot "joint implementation" (see Article 1 of the draft Declaration, Appendix A) projects among municipalities that want to "trade" CO2 emissions for the purpose of facilitating cost effective solutions to meet local and national CO2 reduction targets. Two specific sources of assistance will be explored:

Energy Partners Consulting. This initiative would draw on the expertise of professional staff in local governments and municipal utilities to provide technical support, site visits, and training to local elected officials and staff in the developing world and emerging economies. Participants from developed countries would allocate professional staff resources to share their local energy management expertise with municipalities in the developing works and emerging economies. Members would be urged to allocate sufficient funds for travel, etc.
Participants would be supported to provide assistance to other municipalities directly through their own channels, such as "sister city" relationships. ICLEI would provide training and briefings to the Consultants on the application of energy efficiency measures in different developmental and regional contexts. In effect, ICLEI would work to develop a cadre of municipal energy consultants who can professionally assist their municipal counterparts abroad. Once Energy Partners Consulting is fully established, ICLEI would help market municipal expertise, with a portion of the fees from contracts through ICLEI's brokerage to be contributed to the Fund (see below).
The Energy Partners Fund. This initiative would draw upon a portion of the financial savings that municipalities in the developed world receive from their energy efficiency investments and strategic procurement to provide support for Energy Partners Consulting and other specialized projects. Participants could contribute in three ways:
1. direct municipal contribution, i.e., a portion of the financial savings from efficiency retrofits of municipal buildings achieved under Energy Buildings (see above);
2. contribution of a "sales royalty" from the sales of energy efficiency products under one of the joint ICLEI/International Daughter Companies Network (IDCN), i.e., when a municipality procures a product under a "master contract", a royalty from the sale would be contributed to the Fund;
3. indirect contributions by allowing Energy Partners Consulting to serve as a broker in securing professional consulting contracts for municipal staff, i.e. a brokerage fee for the closing of such a contract would be paid to the Fund.

The development of Energy Partners requires further forward planning and consultation among the candidate municipalities, international development agencies, national governments, and ICLEI. During the coming year, ICLEI will initially seek to identify one to three municipalities in the developing world and/or emerging economies that could serve as pilot communities in Energy Partners, while contributing further discussions with the appropriate agencies regarding development of initial projects. Consideration will be given particularly to partnerships that aim to develop major new infrastructure investments in the pilot communities that, while providing valuable energy services to the community, reduce energy use and CO2 emissions as well. Start-up of the initiative is planned for the second year of the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign.

THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION: LIAISON WITH THE UN

The United Nations has asked ICLEI to participate in meetings of the Framework Convention on Climate Change as a non-governmental organization. The Cities for Climate Protection Campaign, therefore, will participate as an observer in these proceedings, and it will seek to represent the collective views of municipalities in future deliberations.

As the first meeting of the Conference of Parties approaches in late 1994 or early 1995, ICLEI will seek to organize and sponsor the 2nd World Municipal Leaders' Summit on Climate Change and the Urban Environment, to be held in tandem with the UN meeting. At the 2nd Summit municipal leaders will present reports on their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and they will develop an agenda to present to national governments and international agencies participating in the first Conference of Parties meeting.

ADMINISTRATION OF THE CAMPAIGN

The secretariat for the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign will be located at ICLEI's World Secretariat located in Toronto, Canada, but certain functional chart outlines the overall structure of the Campaign.

European Secretariat

The European Secretariat oversees training in ICLEI and administers the International Training Center, and its staff will formulate long-term municipal energy training and curriculum development strategies for the Campaign. The Freiburg office will also produce and distribute in several languages Local Energy News, which will serve as the campaign's quarterly international newsletter, with contributions made from North America by the World Secretariat.

United States Office

BUDGET FOR THE CAMPAIGN

The first year budget for Cities for Climate Protection, commencing June 1, 1993, is $1.2 million ($US). Of the four full-time staff positions envisioned to start from this date, all are nearly funded for the first year of the Campaign, including the Director, Associate Director, Director of Energy Buildings, and Administrative Assistant for Energy Buildings. The other positions will be phased in during the fall, 1993 and January, 1994, subject to future funding.

About 25 percent of the first year budget is now secured from Canadian provincial and municipal governments and a private foundation. Of the remaining amount, ICLEI will seek support from the European Commission, the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of Energy, UNEP, and private foundations and corporations mostly located in the United States.

The first year's budget supports services that benefit municipalities in various regions and countries of the world, in large part a function of the sources of funding. The following table allocated direct and indirect expenses accordingly:



REGION OR COUNTRY               % OF BENEFITS



United States                              52%


Europe                                     20%


Canada                                     20%


Other regions                               8%

The second year budget is projected at $1.6 million as the positions become full-time, the final component of the campaign, Energy Partners, is launched, and as the publication of Local Energy News, is doubled from quarterly to 8 times annually. During the second year of the Campaign and beyond, ICLEI expects additional revenue to come from commissions gained from strategic procurement activities on behalf of member municipalities. ICLEI also expects the share of benefits for municipalities located in developing countries and emerging economies to rise as Energy Partners commences.

APPENDIX

MUNICIPAL LEADERS' DECLARATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

ARTICLE 1 -- INTRODUCTION

The significant risks posed by global warming to the natural and built environments and to future human generations require a response sufficient to stabilize and to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as soon as possible.
The abatement of fossil fuel emissions sufficient to stabilize concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will require policies and initiatives based on a thorough understanding of the urban environment as an energy system.
Local authorities, working closely with each other and with their national governments and international agencies, will play a vital role in reducing the energy intensities of urban environments and their greenhouse gas emissions, and can thereby contribute significantly to the implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change. The main objective of the Convention is a commitment that developed nations make towards limiting their emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases by returning to their earlier levels by the end of the decade, with the aim of getting to 1990 levels. Other provisions potentially relevant to municipalities include:
- establishment of a Conference of Parties as the supreme body of the Convention, which will meet annually to consider progress of the Parties in implementing the Convention;
- establishment of various initiatives to be carried out by the Parties to support international and intergovernmental efforts in the areas of research, education, training, and public awareness;
- the provision for "joint implementation" wherein Parties to the Convention may enter into joint policies and measures that aim to reduce CO2 or greenhouse gas emissions individually or jointly, thereby allowing the equivalent of "emissions trading" among the Parties.

ARTICLE 2 -- CALL FOR MUNICIPAL ACTION

On the occasion of the Municipal Leaders' Summit on Climate Change and the Urban Environment, United Nations Headquarters, New York, 25-26 January 1993, participants in the Summit invite all municipalities to work with each other, with national governments, and with international agencies to develop and implement strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The Summit is co-sponsored by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI), the United National Environmental Programme, North America, Regional Office and the following associations of local authorities:

Participants in the Summit hereby establish a global campaign, Cities for Climate Protection, to assist national governments to achieve the goals established by the Framework Convention on Climate Change at the earliest possible date.

Any municipality may join the Campaign by adopting this Declaration or by becoming a signatory to a National Declaration established to meet local circumstances. By joining the Campaign each municipality pledges to:

develop a "local action plan" to reduce local emissions of greenhouse gases;
undertake as soon as possible local initiatives to significantly reduce energy use and emissions associated with municipally-owned or controlled buildings and vehicle fleets;
undertake initiatives to change the public's attitudes and behavior through information, advice, awareness raising, promotion and training;
join strategic procurement initiatives that aggregate global or national municipal demand for energy products and services so as to promote more cost effective CO2 reduction technologies and to facilitate the commercial availability of advanced technologies;
seek a partnership with municipality in the developing countries or in the emerging economies for the purpose of permitting funds and technical expertise to flow to them from municipalities in the developed nations.

ARTICLE 3 -- LOCAL ACTIONS PLANS

Municipal signatories to commit their city or municipality to develop a "local action plan" to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases -- especially CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use associated with energy consumption in the local residential, commercial, transportation, and industry sectors. Such a "local action plan" might contain the following elements:

a profile of baseline energy use within the municipality's jurisdiction and estimates of energy use in a "scenario" year 10-to-20 years in the future;
a profile of CO2 and other emissions associated with energy use in the baseline and "scenario" years'
an inventory of measures and technologies appropriate to reduce CO2 and other relevant emissions in the "scenario" year;
decision making criteria that enable municipal leaders to prioritize the inventory of measures and technologies according to their effectiveness in directly reducing emissions, their cost effectiveness, and other criteria deemed appropriate within the municipality's powers and particular circumstances;
a municipal CO2 reduction target applicable to the "scenario" year that is at a minimum compatible with the objectives of the Framework Convention on Climate Change as well as the relevant national targets;
a menu of municipal policies that when implemented will enable the local authority to meet the target;
an assessment of the resources required from local and national governments to secure implementation of the plan.

ARTICLE 4 -- MUNICIPAL CO2 REDUCTION STRATEGIES

Local authorities possess a variety of means and resources that they can use to reduce urban energy intensity and CO2 emissions, including: operation of their own buildings, facilities, and vehicle fleets; licensing and financing of development projects and permitting of buildings; land use and transportation planning; and infrastructure investments. Within powers available and in light of local circumstances, municipalities pledge to consider such strategies as:

Buildings

retrofit of municipally owned and controlled buildings and facilities with energy efficiency and renewable energy measures that significantly reduce energy use, create jobs, and serve as local demonstration projects;
establishment of official or informal energy building codes that reflect the "state of the art" in energy efficiency;
investments in district heating and cooling systems where higher densities that provide or facilitate the provision of a full range of energy efficiency measures to the local community.

Electric and Gas Utilities and Utility Regulation
encouragement of increased utility investments in reducing energy demand and renewable energy sources in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, through advocacy of least-cost planning, the de-coupling of utility profits and sales, or other reforms appropriate to local utility regulation;
encouragement of cogeneration and trigeneration projects that substitute high efficiency combined heat/cooling and power for low efficiency electricity generated by power plants.

Transportation
integration of land use and transportation planning that, among other things, seeks to achieve significant reductions in per capita vehicle miles/kilometres travelled;
infrastructure investments in public transit, car pooling, pedestrian downtown areas, and bicycle paths to increase their modal share of trips and to reduce auto dependency.

Waste Management
development of energy auditing procedures to better understand the impact of waste management policies on the life cycle energy balance of consumer products;
establishment of waste management projects that reduce the energy intensity of material life cycles (e.g., reuse, recycling, and reduction) and that recover useful energy from landfill gases and organic wastes.

Procurement Policies
fleet vehicle procurement policies that reduce energy use and emissions, through municipal purchase of high efficiency vehicles and/or alternative fueled/electric vehicles;
collaboration with other municipalities to make strategic and aggregated purchases of:
1. products containing post-consumer recycled material;
2. wood products that come from sustainably managed forests;
3. advanced energy saving technologies, equipment, and vehicles.
Advocacy at the State/Provincial and National Levels
advocacy of a variety of measures appropriate for state/provincial and national governments, such as higher energy taxed, fees and rebates that encourage consumers to purchase more fuel efficient automobiles, to adopt other modes of travel such as public transit and rail, as well as regulatory reforms that encourage utility demand side management.

ARTICLE 5 -- NATIONAL DECLARATIONS

This Declaration shall serve as a template for National Declaration to which local authorities will be encouraged to become signatories in order to join the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign. As an alternative, endorsement of this Declaration by any municipality until such National Declarations are established will provide membership into the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign.

National associations of municipalities are encouraged to adapt this template to their local needs and circumstances and to establish a process whereby their members can sign such a National Declaration and join the Campaign.

ARTICLE 6 -- ROLE OF ICLEI

ICLEI will administer and coordinate the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign, providing the following services -- subject to financial resources -- to Campaign Members:

establish a secretariat for the Campaign that will:
1. develop procedures to facilitate National Declarations and to recruit signatories to such Declarations;
2. create an international registry for National Declarations and signatories to such Declarations;
3. published a periodic newsletter that highlights local initiatives, as well as relevant national and international developments, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
established a mayors' advisory committee to provide advice to the secretariat on the development of the Campaign;
organize the 2nd Municipal Leaders' Summit on Climate Change and the Urban Environment on the occasion of the first session of the Conference of the Parties that shall be convened under United Nations auspices after the Framework Convention Climate Change enters into force;
establish additional collaborative ventures both Campaign members who are also ICLEI Members to assist them technically in the establishment and implementation of their local action plans.